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What did Kenyan urban fashion look like before secondhand clothes dominated?

How Kenya's fashion scene evolved from custom tailoring to the rise of mitumba
January 28, 2025 by
What did Kenyan urban fashion look like before secondhand clothes dominated?
EcoTribe

It’s Nairobi in the 1960s. You’ve just walked into Rivatex, one of the go-to fabric stores at the time. Shelves are stacked with kikoy, kitenge, and cotton fabrics. Your next stop — the fundi’s (tailor’s) workshop to design something uniquely yours.

Tailors: The Heart of Fashion in Kenya

Back then, fashion was personal. Tailors were at the heart of it all, transforming fabric into made-to-measure suits, flared trousers, and elegant dresses. Families invested in quality clothing, "Sunday-best" as we liked to call them. Trends were influenced by Western magazines like Vogue, Drum and Elle as well as international and local influences from music, pop culture, and social status. These influences brought in fresh styles and trends, inspiring Kenyans to experiment with bolder cuts, patterns, and silhouettes.

Unlike today’s fast fashion, outfits weren’t mass-produced. Owning a perfectly tailored A-line dress or high-waisted trousers was a way of life. Tailors knew their clients by name and style, creating pieces that reflected individual personalities.


The Decline of Local Textile Mills

However, by the late 1970s and 1980s, this began to change. Economic shifts and the opening of international markets caused a decline in local textile industries. Key textile factories such as Rivatex and Kenya Textiles Mills (KTM) struggled to compete with cheap, imported fabrics and garments, ultimately leading to their closure or downsizing. As a result, Kenyans turned to secondhand clothes (mitumba) as a more affordable alternative.

The Rise of Mitumba: Changing Fashion in Kenya

By the early 1990s, mitumba was no longer just a small niche market but a booming industry. Garments from the West flooded local markets like Gikomba and Toi, offering fast, cheap, and trendy options that challenged the once-thriving tailoring culture.

A Sustainable Fashion Future: Rekindling Our Own

As we revisit this history, I can’t help but wonder: Can we rekindle the tailoring culture? Could we upskill mitumba traders and fundis, merging their expertise into sustainable fashion practices? Imagine a future where mitumba deadstock gets upcycled by a network of skilled tailors, creating unique, Kenyan-made designs for both local and global markets.

We don’t need to look too far back to see the potential for a sustainable fashion future. The 1960s and 70s showed us that Kenyan fashion can be innovative, stylish, and sustainable. The real question now is: Are we ready to take inspiration from the past to build a circular fashion future?

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